Ukugeleza komoya okulungile kuyisisekelo emhlambini wenkukhu onempilo futhi okhiqizayo. Lapha, sibuyekeza izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuthola umoya omusha ngezinga lokushisa elifanele.
Ukungena komoya kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu enhlalakahleni nasekukhiqizeni izinkukhu.
Isistimu elungile ayiqinisekisi ukushintshana komoya okwanele kuyo yonke indlu ye-broiler, kodwa futhi isusa umswakama owedlulele kudoti, igcina amazinga e-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide, futhi ilawula izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwendlu.
Izinjongo kanye nomthetho
Ngokomthetho kunezidingo ezithile zekhwalithi yomoya okufanele ikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngesistimu yokukhipha umoya.
Izinhlayiya zothuli
Umswakama <84%>
I-Amoniya
I-Carbon dioxide <0.5%>
Kodwa-ke, izinhloso zekhwalithi yomoya kufanele zidlulele ngale kwezidingo zomthetho eziyisisekelo futhi zibheke ekuhlinzekeni indawo engcono kakhulu yenhlalakahle yezinyoni, impilo kanye nokukhiqizwa.
Izinhlobo Zesistimu Yokungenisa umoya
Ukusethwa okujwayeleke kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia wuhlelo lwe-ridge-extraction, i-side-inlet system.
Abalandeli abahlezi phezulu ophahleni badonsa umoya ofudumele, oswakeme uye phezulu endlini futhi baphume ngomgwaqo. Ukukhipha umoya kudala ukucindezela okungekuhle endaweni yomoya, kudonse umoya opholile opholile phakathi kwama-inlet afakwe eceleni kwendlu.
Amasistimu wokukhipha amaceleni, asusa umoya ezinhlangothini zezindlu, aphelelwa yisikhathi lapho kwethulwa umthetho we-Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC). Amasistimu okumba emaceleni awazange aphule umthetho ngenxa yokuthi uthuli nemfucumfucu ekhishelwe ngaphandle kwendlu kukhishwe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu.
Ngokunjalo, amasistimu okungenisa komoya awelana ayedonsa umoya ohlangothini olulodwa, ngaphezu komhlambi bese ewukhiphela ngakolunye uhlangothi, nawo ayephula imithetho ye-IPPC.
Okuwukuphela kolunye uhlelo olusetshenziswayo njengamanje eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ukungenisa komoya kamhubhe. Lokhu kudonsela umoya phezulu phezulu ekugcineni kwegebuli, eduze kwe-ridge futhi uphume ngegebuli ephikisanayo. Ayisebenzi kahle kunesistimu yokukhipha ama-ridge evame ukusetshenziswa futhi ivalelekile ekubeni umthombo owengeziwe wokugeleza komoya emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Izimpawu zokungenwa komoya kahle
Imishini yokuqapha nokuqhathaniswa kwamagrafu asuka kudatha eqoqwe ngezinga lokushisa nekhwalithi yomoya kufanele inikeze isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sanoma yini engalungile. Izinkomba ezibalulekile njengokushintsha kwamanzi noma ukudla okudliwayo, kufanele kuqubule uphenyo lwesistimu yokukhipha umoya.
Ngaphandle kokuqapha okuzenzakalelayo, noma yiziphi izinkinga ngesistimu yokukhipha umoya kufanele zibonakale emkhathini wendlu yezinkukhu. Uma indawo ezungezile izizwa ikhululekile ukuma kuyo, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lokungenisa umoya lusebenza kahle. Kodwa uma umoya uzwakala ungakhululekile noma uvalekile futhi kunephunga le-ammonia, khona-ke izinga lokushisa, umoya-mpilo kanye nomswakama kufanele kuphenywe ngokushesha.
Ezinye izimpawu zokuxoxa zihlanganisa ukuziphatha kwezinyoni okungavamile njengokusatshalaliswa komhlambi okungalingani phansi kwendlu. Ukuqoqana kude nezingxenye zeshede noma izinyoni ezizingele phansi kungabonisa ukuthi umoya awusakazwa kahle futhi kwakhiwe amabala omoya obandayo. Uma izimo ziyekwa ukuthi ziqhubeke izinyoni zingase ziqale ukukhombisa ubunzima bokuphefumula.
Ngokuphambene lapho izinyoni zishisa kakhulu zingase zihlukane, zikhefuzele noma ziphakamise amaphiko azo. Ukudla okuncishisiwe noma ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi nakho kungabonisa ukuthi ishede lishisa kakhulu.
Ukugcina ukulawula njengoba izimo zishintsha
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokubeka umoya kufanele kusethwe ukukhuthaza amazinga aphezulu omswakama phakathi kuka-60-70%. Lokhu kuvumela ulwelwesi lwamafinyila emgudwini wokuphefumula ukuthi luthuthuke. Izinga eliphansi kakhulu kanye nezinhlelo zamaphaphu nezokujikeleza kwegazi zingase zithinteke. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi sokuqala, umswakama ungehliswa ube ngu-55-60%.
Ngaphandle kweminyaka yobudala umthelela omkhulu kukhwalithi yomoya izimo ezingaphandle kwezindlu. Isimo sezulu esishisayo sasehlobo kanye nezimo ezibandayo ebusika kufanele zilawulwe uhlelo lokungenisa umoya ukuze kuzuzwe indawo elinganayo ngaphakathi kweshede.
Ihlobo
Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba elingu-4°C kungadala ukufa, kodwa ukufa okuningi okubangelwa ukushisa kulapho umswakama ukhuphuka kanye nezinga lokushisa.
Ukuze zilahlekelwe ukushisa komzimba izinyoni ziyahefuzela kodwa indlela yokuphila idinga insada yomoya ohlanzekile, owomile. Ngakho, lapho amazinga okushisa edlula 25°C ehlobo, kubalulekile ukuletha umoya ohlanzekile omningi ekuphakameni kwezinyoni ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kusho ukubeka ama-inlets endaweni ebanzi, ukuqondisa umoya opholile uye phansi.
Kanye nokukhipha uphahla, kungenzeka ukufaka abalandeli emaphethelweni e-gable esakhiwo. Esikhathini esiningi sonyaka laba balandeli bahlala bengasetshenziswa kodwa uma amazinga okushisa enyuka amandla engeziwe ayangena futhi angabuyisela izimo ngaphansi kokulawulwa ngokushesha.
Ubusika
Ngokuphambene nezilawuli zasehlobo, kubalulekile ukumisa umoya obandayo onqwabelana ekuphakameni komhlambi lapho izinga lokushisa liphola. Uma izinyoni zibanda, izinga lokukhula liyancipha futhi inhlalakahle ingaba sengozini ngezinye izinkinga zezempilo ezifana nokushiswa kwe-hock. Ukushiswa kwe-hock kwenzeka lapho okokulala kuba manzi ngenxa yokufingqa ekuqoqeni komoya obandayo emazingeni aphansi.
Izindlu zokungena ebusika kufanele zincishiswe ukuze umoya ungene ngomfutho ophakeme futhi ujikwe ukuze uphoqe ukugeleza komoya phezulu futhi kude nokupholisa umhlambi ngokuqondile ezingeni laphansi. Ukuvala ama-inlet emaceleni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umoya obandayo uyaphoqeleka kusilingi ubheke kumafeni ophahleni kusho ukuthi uma uwa ulahlekelwa wumswakama futhi ufudumale ngaphambi kokuba ufinyelele phansi.
Ukushisa kwenza isithombe sibe nzima kakhulu ebusika, ikakhulukazi ngamasistimu amadala. Nakuba amazinga okushisa aphezulu angasiza ekunciphiseni umswakama owedlulele, izifudumezi zegesi zisebenzisa cishe u-15l womoya ukushisa i-1l ye-propane ngenkathi zikhiqiza i-CO2 namanzi. Ukuvula umoya ukuze kukhishwe lezi kungaletha umoya obandayo, onomswakama odinga ukufudumeza okwengeziwe ukuze udale umjikelezo ononya, futhi uhlelo lokungena komoya luqala ukulwa ngokwalo. Ngalesi sizathu, amasistimu esimanje asebenza kusetshenziswa isofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu eyenza imingcele ezungeze izilinganiso ze-CO2, i-ammonia kanye nomswakama. Izinga lokuvumelana nezimo lisho ukuthi uhlelo kancane kancane iletha lezi zakhi ngaphandle kokwenza ukuguqa kwamadolo ngokulandelana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-06-2021